Abstract
Each environmental factor is able to change the way genes are expressed. Application of nanoparticles also affects the expression of different genes in plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, TiO2 (zero, 200 and 800 micrograms per milliliter) on the relative expression of catalase, P450, SOD, diTDS and WRKY genes in Vitex plant leaf tissue using qRT- PCR. Plant cultivation was carried out in 2018 in the greenhouse of Islamic Azad University of Mashhad. The experiment was arranged as completely random design with 5 replications. XRD measurements showed that applied TiO2 nanoparticles were in the form of anatase. Statistical analysis of gene expression in treated leaves of Vitex plant with TiO2 nanoparticles showed that this nanoparticle significantly affected the expression of catalase, P450, SOD, diTPS and WRKY genes. A concentration of 800 micrograms per milliliter of TiO2 nanoparticle increased the expression of catalase, P450, SOD and WRKY genes and decreased the expression of diTPS gene. In contrast, concentrations of 200 micrograms per milliliter only increased the expression of catalase and WRKY genes. The expression of the diTPS gene under treatments of 200 and 800 micrograms per liter of TiO2, compared with control, decreased by 2.1 and 0.46, respectively. Overall, the nanoparticle was able to influence the expression of genes in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids, as well as the plant's antioxidant enzymes, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles.
Highlights
Research on nanoparticles is increasing due to distinct physical and chemical properties such as particle morphology, larger surface area, pore size, high reactivity, and physical and chemical properties related to particle size (Siddiqui et al, 2015)
The concentrations of TiO2 nanoparticles used in this experiment included of 200 and 800 micrograms per milliliter and distilled water as control treatments (chosen concentration was due to the finding that the 200 and 800 micrograms per milliliter of TiO2 nanoparticles showed the highest and lowest positive effects on germination factors and the seedling growth of the Vitex plant, respectively (Farahi et al, 2019)) TiO2 nanoparticles were produced by Notirino Company in Tehran
Characteristics of titanium dioxide nanoparticles X-ray diffraction is a method of studying the crystal structure of materials
Summary
Research on nanoparticles is increasing due to distinct physical and chemical properties such as particle morphology, larger surface area, pore size, high reactivity, and physical and chemical properties related to particle size (Siddiqui et al, 2015). It has been reported that most nanoparticles show toxic effects even at very low concentrations and affect their morphophysiological, biochemical and molecular properties. Application of TiO2 nanoparticles due to biological properties has been highly considered by plant. Received in revised form: 02 Jun 2021. From Volume 49, Issue 1, 2021, Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca journal uses article numbers in place of the traditional method of continuous pagination through the volume. The journal will continue to appear quarterly, as before, with four annual numbers
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