Abstract
The present work aims to follow the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) on bioactive compounds, the elemental content of wheat, and on wheat leaves’ ultrastructure. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The concentration of phenolic compounds, assimilation pigments, antioxidant capacity, elemental content, as well as the ultrastructural changes that may occur in the wheat plants grown in the presence or absence of TiO2 NPs were evaluated. In plants grown in the presence of TiO2 NPs, the amount of assimilating pigments and total polyphenols decreased compared to the control sample, while the antioxidant activity of plants grown in amended soil was higher than those grown in control soil. Following ultrastructural analysis, no significant changes were observed in the leaves of TiO2-treated plants. Application of TiO2 NPs to soil caused a significant reaction of the plant to stress conditions. This was revealed by the increase of antioxidant capacity and the decrease of chlorophyll, total polyphenols, and carotenoids. Besides, the application of TiO2 NPs led to significant positive (K, Zn, Br, and Mo) and negative (Na, Mn, Fe, As, Sr, Sb, and Ba) variation of content.
Highlights
IntroductionNanoparticles (NPs), including silver, silica, aluminum, zinc oxide, copper, carbon nanotubes or TiO2 , are increasingly manufactured and implemented in various products
Nanoparticles (NPs), including silver, silica, aluminum, zinc oxide, copper, carbon nanotubes or TiO2, are increasingly manufactured and implemented in various products.NPs are produced on a large scale from a large variety of bulk materials with applications in many areas including medicine and agriculture [1,2]
Inhibitory and cell damage at treatments with higher concentrations of TiO2 NPs and positive effects at concentration levels up to 60 mg kg−1 were observed. These results suggest that further investigations should be made to determine the possible consequences and impacts of applying nanoparticles in wheat culture or other crops
Summary
Nanoparticles (NPs), including silver, silica, aluminum, zinc oxide, copper, carbon nanotubes or TiO2 , are increasingly manufactured and implemented in various products. NPs are produced on a large scale from a large variety of bulk materials with applications in many areas including medicine and agriculture [1,2]. The application of use of nanoparticles in agriculture has increased due to the possibility of using them as fertilizers or in the composition of plant protection products. It is important to know their effect on plant life [3]. Despite of the great potential in agricultural use of nanoparticles, there is a lack of studies about the toxicity of these nanoparticles in environments such as soil or in the growth of vegetables.
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