Abstract
Driven by the need to reduce the installation cost and maintenance cost of structuralhealth monitoring (SHM) systems, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are becomingincreasingly popular. Perfect time synchronization amongst the wireless sensors is akey factor enabling the use of low-cost, low-power WSNs for structural healthmonitoring applications based on output-only modal analysis of structures. Inthis paper we present a theoretical framework for analysis of the impact createdby time delays in the measured system response on the reconstruction of modeshapes using the popular frequency domain decomposition (FDD) technique.This methodology directly estimates the change in mode shape values based onsensor synchronicity. We confirm the proposed theoretical model by experimentalvalidation in modal identification experiments performed on an aluminum beam. Theexperimental validation was performed using a wireless intelligent sensor and actuatornetwork (WISAN) which allows for close time synchronization between sensors(0.6–10 µs in the tested configuration) and guarantees lossless data delivery under normalconditions. The experimental results closely match theoretical predictions andshow that even very small delays in output response impact the mode shapes.
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