Abstract
This study examined the effects of long-term storage conditions on the chemical composition, pepsin-cellulase dry matter digestibility (PCDMD), and visible (VIS)/near infrared spectra (NIR) of forage. Eighteen samples of different whole-crop maize varieties originally harvested in 1987 were used. After drying, these samples were analyzed in the laboratory for ash, crude protein (CP), structural carbohydrates, total soluble carbohydrates (TSC), starch and PCDMD, and the remaining samples were stored frozen (at −20°C) or at barn temperature (ambient temperatures ranged from −8.5 °C to 27.1 °C). In 2016, the samples were analyzed for ash, CP, structural carbohydrates, TSC, starch and PCDMD. The visible/NIR spectra of both storage methods were obtained. Chemical composition and PCDMD analyses revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) between the storage methods for TSC but not for the other parameters (p > 0.05). After sample harvesting in 1987, the analyses were compared with those in 2016. It was found that the post-harvest TSC and ash content were higher (p < 0.05) and lower (p < 0.05), respectively, during 2016. No significant differences were found for starch and PCDMD. Important differences between the VIS/NIR spectra of both storage methods were obtained in the VIS segment, particularly in the area between 630 and 760 nm. We concluded that storing dry forage samples at ambient temperature for a very long time (29 years) did not change their nutritive value compared to the values obtained before storage.
Highlights
Ruminant performance is known to be dependent on forage nutritive value and intake.The determination of nutritive value is based on digestibility and degradability measurements, which, in combination with intake measurements, are considered to be the reference methods for determining the feed value of forage [1]
There were no differences between the storage methods for ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), starch, and pepsin-cellulase dry matter digestibility (PCDMD)
The total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) content was lower for the samples stored at barn temperature for 29 years (p < 0.001) (81 g/kg dry matter (DM)) than for the samples stored frozen for 29 years
Summary
The determination of nutritive value is based on digestibility and degradability measurements, which, in combination with intake measurements, are considered to be the reference methods for determining the feed value of forage [1]. These in vivo feed evaluation methods are considered the gold standard and are generally used in research programs [2]. These methods are expensive, involve intensive animal studies, and, are not routinely used to evaluate the nutritive or feed values of forages for ruminants. This is a time-consuming process, and, in some cases, these values were obtained for in vivo trials carried out before the development of the model
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