Abstract
Background and Objectives: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three different methods for increasing the keratinized mucosa (KM) surrounding dental implants with peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: Twenty implant sites with peri-implantitis were divided into: (1) porcine collagen matrix (CM) group: seven implant sites; (2) apically positioned flap (APF) group: eight implant sites; and (3) free gingival graft (FGG) group: five implant sites. The KM width and clinical parameters (probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP)) were measured at time points: before surgery (T0) and 30 (T1), 60 (T2), 90 (T3), and 180 (T4) days after surgery. Results: Regarding KM width, all the groups had significant differences for increasing horizontal and vertical KM width. The CM and FGG groups had greater KM than the APF group. There was a decrease in PPD in all three groups. APF and FGG showed significant differences in PPD at T1 and T2 compared to T0. Only the FGG group showed a significant difference in PPD at T3 and T4 compared with that at T0. BOP values were also reduced in all the groups at T1–T4 compared to T0. The APF and FGG groups showed a significant decrease in BOP. Conclusions: Three surgical therapies presented favorable results for increasing the KM surrounding implants. Compared with the FGG group, the CM showed similar results in increasing the KM around the dental implants with peri-implantitis.
Highlights
Following tooth extraction, the remaining keratinized mucosa (KM) is typically narrowed
Twenty implant sites with peri-implantitis from 16 patients were divided into the collagen matrix (CM), apically positioned flap (APF), and free gingival graft (FGG) groups
Five types of peri-implantitis were observed in the APF group (Class Ib: 1, Class Id: 1, Class Ic + II: 2, Class Id + II: 2, and Class Ie + II: 2)
Summary
The remaining keratinized mucosa (KM) is typically narrowed. A systemic review has shown that plaques are accumulated at the narrow KM [5] They are not significantly affected by the quality or mobility of the marginal tissue [6]. Kennedy et al reported that the increase in KM did not increase the degree of periodontal health [9] The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three different methods for increasing the keratinized mucosa (KM) surrounding dental implants with peri-implantitis. The FGG group showed a significant difference in PPD at T3 and T4 compared with that at T0. Compared with the FGG group, the CM showed similar results in increasing the KM around the dental implants with peri-implantitis
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