Abstract
One of the most popular and widely used technique for measuring residual stresses is the hole-drilling method. By this method, it is possible to evaluate only biaxial residual stresses located in plane parallel to the surface, but some processes produce a triaxial stress state. For this reason, the evaluation of triaxial stress state by the method used for biaxial state was assessed in this paper. A hole-drilling experiment was simulated by the finite element method for two different stress states. The first stress state considered constant residual stresses in all directions. The second one considered constant residual stresses in a plane parallel to the surface and the residual stress in a direction perpendicular to the surface was equal to zero on the surface and increased with depth. Both states were simulated for various ratios of stress in a direction perpendicular to the stresses in plane. The obtained results show that residual stress in a perpendicular direction affects the evaluation of residual stresses in plane. If the residual stress in the perpendicular direction is high compared to stresses in plane, the error produced by the evaluation of triaxial stress state by the method for biaxial stress state can also be high. 1 Introduction
Highlights
Residual stresses are usually created in a component as a consequence of manufacturing, heat treatment or loading and can have positive or negative effects
If there is a difference of strains on the surface of the component, the value of strain measured by the strain gauge rosette is different, which affects the evaluation of residual stresses
The presence of residual stresses in the direction perpendicular to the surface causes that strains measured by the strain gauge rosette are different than strains in biaxial stress state
Summary
Residual stresses are usually created in a component as a consequence of manufacturing, heat treatment or loading and can have positive or negative effects. They can suppress the creation of cracks or decrease the total stress in a component during loading. The positive or negative effect depends on a sign and magnitude of residual stresses. For this reason, it is important to know the correct value of residual stresses in components. The hole-drilling method is one of the most popular and widely used techniques for measuring residual stresses near the surface of component. This method is based on drilling a small hole to the measured component which causes a redistribution of residual stresses around it (Fig. 2). After that, relaxed strains are measured by a strain gauge rosette and residual stresses are evaluated from these measured strains [2]
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