The effect of the stroke-to-bore ratio on combustion, heat transfer and efficiency of a homogeneous charge spark ignition engine of given displacement

Abstract

This study investigates how the selection of the stroke-to-bore (S/B) ratio affects combustion, heat transfer and overall efficiency in a homogeneous charge spark ignition (SI) engine of a given displacement. Initially, flame front area maps and wall areas in contact with burned gases are examined from a purely geometric point of view, for S/B ratios of 0.7, 1.0 and 1.3. Subsequently, a quasi-dimensional turbulent flame entrainment model is used to quantify the extent to which turbulence versus geometric factors are responsible for the observed combustion, heat transfer and cycle efficiency behaviour, as the S/B ratio varies. Calculations are performed for a range of engine speeds and loads, as well as for operation with 15 per cent exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Results show that the S/B ratio has a significant effect on both turbulence levels and the geometric interaction of the flame front with the combustion chamber walls. In general, a longer stroke leads to higher thermal efficiency through faster burning and lower overall chamber heat loss. These effects are non-linear, being more dramatic when the S/B ratio is increased from below unity than from above unity. The potential of the long-stroke engine for brake fuel economy improvement can be exploited to the fullest at low speeds, while friction losses gradually diminish it at higher speeds.