The Effect of the Reaction Conditions on the Properties of Products from Co-Hydrotreating of Rapeseed Oil and Petroleum Middle Distillates

Petr Straka,Tomáš Ihnát,Pavel Šimáček,Daria Toullis,Josef Blažek

doi:10.3390/catal11040442

Petr Straka, Tomáš Ihnát + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040442

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Abstract

This study compares the hydrotreating of the mixture of petroleum middle distillates and the same mixture containing 20 wt % of rapeseed oil. We also study the effect of the temperature and the weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the co-hydrotreating of gas oil and rapeseed oil mixture. The hydrotreating is performed over a commercial hydrotreating Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst at temperatures of ca. 320, 330, 340, and 350 °C with a WHSV of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 h−1 under a pressure of 4 MPa and at a constant hydrogen flow of 28 dm3·h−1. The total conversion of the rapeseed oil is achieved under all the tested reaction conditions. The content of the aromatic hydrocarbons in the products reached a minimum at the lowest reaction temperature and WHSV. The content of sulphur in the products did not exceed 10 mg∙kg−1 at the reaction temperature of 350 °C and a WHSV of 1.0 h−1 and WHSV of 0.5 h−1 regardless of the reaction temperature. Our results show that in the hydrotreating of the feedstock containing rapeseed oil, a large amount of hydrogen is consumed for the dearomatisation of the fossil part and the saturation of the double bonds in the rapeseed oil and its hydrodeoxygenation.

Highlights

High-quality biofuels, in particular, synthetic bio-jet fuel and synthetic biodiesel, can be produced by hydrotreating feedstocks containing triglycerides of higher fatty acids [1,2].These raw materials include various vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats.Hydrotreating products are often referred to as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or green diesel in the case of diesel fuel or as hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) in the case of bio-jet fuel
In the hydrotreating of the F20 feedstock, a large amount of hydrogen was consumed for the dearomatisation as well, and for the saturation of the double bonds (DB) in rapeseed oil (RO) and its HDO
This study compared the hydrotreating of the mixture of petroleum middle distillates and the same mixture containing 20 wt % of rapeseed oil (RO)

Summary

Introduction

High-quality biofuels, in particular, synthetic bio-jet fuel and synthetic biodiesel, can be produced by hydrotreating feedstocks containing triglycerides of higher fatty acids [1,2].These raw materials include various vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats.Hydrotreating products are often referred to as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or green diesel in the case of diesel fuel or as hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) in the case of bio-jet fuel. High-quality biofuels, in particular, synthetic bio-jet fuel and synthetic biodiesel, can be produced by hydrotreating feedstocks containing triglycerides of higher fatty acids [1,2]. These raw materials include various vegetable oils, waste cooking oils and animal fats. Hydrotreating products are often referred to as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) or green diesel in the case of diesel fuel or as hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) in the case of bio-jet fuel These products mainly contain paraffinic hydrocarbons and almost no aromatics and sulphur and have excellent thermal oxidation stability and a high cetane number [1,3]. In the opinion of other authors, in addition to HDO and HDCx, hydrodecarbonylation (HDCn) is involved in the decomposition of the carboxylic acid into hydrocarbons [4,5,6]

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