Abstract
This empirical study addresses the role of economic and institutional determinants on population health, estimated by life expectancy and accessibility to good quality medical services. Several national health systems are described descriptively and analytically. The practical application considers 30 European countries for which data on all necessary variables are available. The data are provided by international institutions such as the World Bank, Insurance Europe, Global Health Security and national institutions from the sampled countries. The results of the OLS cross-country regressions clearly demonstrate the positive role of health financing and the decentralization of the national health system. Instead, the role of private health insurance remains debatable, as does its complementarity or substitutability in relation to public funding. Based on the main results, recommendations are formulated regarding possible adjustments for an increased efficiency of the medical system and possible future research directions, especially regarding the role of the financing structure and the type of decentralization of the medical services.
Highlights
Introduction and Literature Review InEurope, there are currently no health systems that are financed exclusively from public or private resources, the financing being made from several sources, both public and private, combining financing from the state budget, from public health insurance. and private, co-payment or direct payment for medical services by patients
It is important to know to what extent health demand adequately reflects the real needs of the population and to what extent the supply of health care and the use of health services are satisfactory
The development of private health insurance leads to an increase in life expectancy and accessibility to medical services
Summary
Introduction and Literature Review InEurope, there are currently no health systems that are financed exclusively from public or private resources, the financing being made from several sources, both public and private, combining financing from the state budget, from public health insurance. and private, co-payment or direct payment for medical services by patients. State subsidies and general tax financing represent 29% (Garel and Notarangelom, 2016).The part not covered by the national social security regime amounts to 13% and is covered from private sources and from the direct participation of patients in costs (Hakkinen, 2010). Around 60.0% of the financing is covered by compulsory and optional state insurance, 21.0% by taxation, 7.0% by private insurance and 11.0% by direct participation in costs (Garel and Notarangelom, 2016).
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