Abstract
Nanostructured nickel-based catalysts were produced by solution combustion synthesis and it was found that their properties and structure depended on the pretreatment of the precursor solution. X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and an infrared high-speed camera were used to follow the various synthesis steps and to characterize the obtained catalysts, while their catalytic activity was determined in the hydrogenation of maleic acid. It was determined that the amount of water used and the heating of the precursor solution under mild stirring up to 70 °C influenced the nickel nitrate–glycine–water complexes that were formed in the precursor solution in the form of dendrites. These play a key role in the solution combustion synthesis (SCS) reaction mechanism and in particular in the formation of nickel-based catalysts. Understanding the interrelationships between the processing parameters and the ensuing powder properties allowed an efficient optimization of the catalytic performance.
Highlights
The importance of acquiring deep knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms involved in a synthesis procedure is crucial in order to improve its efficiency
The enhanced catalytic performance of the catalysts prepared from the pretreated initial solution combustion synthesis (SCS) solutions was due to their increased concentration of metallic nickel and their increased surface area
Increasing surface area resulted in the enhancement of the catalysts’ activity, as liquid-phase hydrogenation was characterized as a surface catalysis, where the reactant molecules were adsorbed onto a solid surface before they reacted with the catalyst to form the product
Summary
The importance of acquiring deep knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms involved in a synthesis procedure is crucial in order to improve its efficiency. In this sense, the processing parameters and their effect on the final products play a key role. The knowledge that is essential for an efficient production is associated to the relation between the synthesis parameters, structure, morphology, microstructure, redox behavior, surface properties, and catalytic performance [1]. All approaches are suitable to prepare some materials or to provide certain properties to the final products, while they are completely inappropriate for others
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