The effect of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban on preterm uterine activity in the human

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that infusion of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban results in decreased preterm uterine activity in the human. STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. One hundred twenty women from 20 to 36 weeks' gestation with a complaint of labor who had more than four uterine contractions per hour after intravenous hydration but no evidence of cervical change were randomized to receive a 2-hour intravenous infusion of atosiban at a rate of 300 μg/min or placebo. One hundred-twelve subjects (56 in each arm) were suitable for analysis of efficacy. Both groups remained at bed rest and received hydration. RESULTS: The mean percent decrease in contraction frequency was greater in atosiban subjects compared with controls (55.3% ± 36.3% vs 26.7% ± 40.4%, mean ± SD, p < 0.001). A minimal (< 20%) decrease or an increase in contraction frequency was noted in 25 placebo subjects (45%) and seven atosiban subjects (13%). There was no clinically or statistically significant change in maternal blood pressure or heart rate during the infusion. The only adverse experiences possibly related to the drug were nausea and vomiting in one atosiban patient. CONCLUSION: A 2-hour infusion of the oxytocin antagonist atosiban resulted in a significantly greater decline in contraction frequency compared with controls. Oxytocin appears to play a role in the maintenance of preterm uterine activity in the human. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1994;170:474-8.)