Abstract
The biologization of viticulture is considered as a necessary attribute of its effective functioning, aimed at reducing environmental and economic risks. Comparative studies of the effect of conservative system of agriculture, including chemical crop protection, and the organic system with using preparations Extrasol, Respecta, Chitosan, Tiovit Jet on physicochemical indicators and quality of grapes and wines were carried out. We used grape cultivar ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ from the South Coast area of Crimea. It was found that using preparations in the organic farming system contributed to the accumulation (α<0.05) of sugars in berries on average by 15%, phenolic compounds – by 13-22%, anthocyanins – by 23%, and PPO activity of the must. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence the accumulation of aldehydes in berries. Their effect on the content of ketoacids was determined by the crop year conditions. Experimental wines were distinguished by a higher (α<0.05) content of ethyl alcohol, phenolic compounds (on average by 46%), anthocyanins (1.6 times), pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids (1.6 and 1.9 times) and a lower (by 20 %) concentration of aldehydes. Experimental schemes of treatment did not influence on the organoleptic of wines. The best result was shown by the complex of Tiovit Jet and Extrasol.
Highlights
The biologization is a necessary attribute of modern adaptive landscape agriculture and a condition for its effective functioning
Using of biological preparations in the organic farming system, compared with the chemical plant protection system, led to an increase in the sugar content in grapes on average by 15% (t = 2.81, at α = 0.03): in the first variant the content of sugars consisted of 174 ± 2 gL-1, in the second one – 200 ± 13 gL-1
The studies provided made it possible to assess the effect of using the preparations against oidium based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis (Extrasol) and Pseudomonas aureofaciens (Respecta), the aminopolysaccharide chitosan, derived from carapace (Chitosan), the sulfur allotrope (Tiovit Jet) in the organic farming system on the quality of ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ grapes and red wines
Summary
The biologization is a necessary attribute of modern adaptive landscape agriculture and a condition for its effective functioning. The necessity to reduce chemical load by using biological preparations is due to a number of negative environmental and economic consequences. The results of a number of studies show that microbiological preparations are effective in reducing the infectious load of the top soil, anthropogenic load. The effectiveness of biological preparations used in the cultivation of a number of agricultural crops – spring wheat, barley, oats, potatoes, maize, etc. Nowadays biological preparations are widely used in the vineyards of Crimea [7]. As can be seen from the previously conducted studies, the organic protection system used on the ‘Bastardo magarachskiy’ grape cultivar was not inferior to the traditional treatment scheme in terms of effectiveness and influence on the composition of a grape berry [8]
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