Abstract
Abstract: Introduction: In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of medical residency programs in all regions of Brazil, only in the last 4 years, from 2014 to 2018, there was an increase from 18,953 general spots offered for the first year of medical residency to 26,094, 37% more, this was also observed in General Surgery Residencies around Brazil. As a result, the number of general surgeons has increased substantially, from 12,430 in 2008 to 34,065 in 2018, an absolute percentage increase of 174%. These new surgeons are bringing with them their theoretical and practical knowledge already updated, regarding new techniques and surgical modalities. In this context, in the last 2 decades, video-assisted surgery has become the choice for numerous procedures in Brazil and in the World, considering its benefits for patients, such as less postoperative hospital stay and less metabolic response to surgical trauma, for example. The current study correlates the data between the increase in the number of spots in medical residency programs, related to the graduation of new surgeons in Brazil, to the increase of videolaparoscopic surgeries in the public health system. Methodology: Review and online analysis of the national electronic public health registry database - DATASUS. The most performed Surgeries in Brazil were chosen for our data analysis. Results: The results were divided into five geographically distributed areas in Brazil. At the end of the current study, the number of video-assisted surgeries increased by 233%, accompanied by a 63% increase in the number of medical residency openings and a 174% absolute increase in the number of new surgeons in Brazil at the same period. Conclusion: The current study showed that the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries in the country is related to the exponential increase in the number of medical residency spots and, consequently, to the number of new graduated general surgeons. This increase occurs more and more in a context of videolaparoscopic techniques, revealing multiple benefits already recognized for patients. We could conclude, therefore, that the increase in the number of medical residencies in general surgery - which are increasingly teaching videolaparoscopic techniques - has contributed as a complementary factor to the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries observed in all regions of Brazil.
Highlights
In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of medical residency programs in all regions of Brazil, only in the last 4 years, from 2014 to 2018, there was an increase from 18,953 general spots offered for the first year of medical residency to 26,094, 37% more, this was observed in General Surgery Residencies around Brazil
The aim of this study is to correlate whether the increase in the number of medical residency (MR) program openings in General Surgery (GS) in BR and, of new surgeons has contributed to the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde), especially videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, and the fact that the authors believe there is a correlation between these data
As for MR in GS, it can be observed that 1,148 openings were offered for the first year (R1) in 2008, whereas in 2018 the number increased to 1,876 openings, an increase of 63%
Summary
There has been an increase in the number of medical residency programs in all regions of Brazil, only in the last 4 years, from 2014 to 2018, there was an increase from 18,953 general spots offered for the first year of medical residency to 26,094, 37% more, this was observed in General Surgery Residencies around Brazil. Conclusion: The current study showed that the increase in the number of video-assisted surgeries in the country is related to the exponential increase in the number of medical residency spots and, to the number of new graduated general surgeons This increase occurs more and more in a context of videolaparoscopic techniques, revealing multiple benefits already recognized for patients. In 1889, surgeon William Stewart Halsted had the idea of implementing the first professional training program in hospital service, at Johns Hopkins Hospital, where he became the Head of the Service in the following year[1] He realized that teaching surgery at the time, carried out through direct exposure to medical practice (classic practice: traineemaster) was flawed and inefficient.
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