Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of food insecurity in farming and non-farming households in the Francis Baard District Municipality. The research approach used in this study was quantitative. By using a cross-sectional survey, data was collected referring to the population of interest. A simple random sample comprising of 516 respondents from farming and non-farming households in the Frances Baard Municipality was selected. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression (MLR) models. The results revealed that food shortages are more likely (B = 0.22, p = 0.01) to cause severe food insecurities in farming households when access to food gardens and smallholding is constant. On the other hand, non-farming households could also be affected by severe food insecurity due to food shortages (B = 0.29, p = 0.04) and lack of access to smallholding farming areas. The results further showed that food gardening is highly likely to reduce severe food insecurity. The results imply that the municipality has to provide access to food gardening facilities and smallholder plots for non-farming and farming households to combat severe food insecurity and promote food security. The policy on comprehensive producer support only recognises the support for the farmers' different categories than the households. Therefore, it is recommended that the policymakers amend this policy to enable the household to be empowered as beneficiaries.
Highlights
The 1996 World Food Summit defined food security as physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food by all people, at all times, to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (Nara, Lengoiboni & Zevenbergen, 2020)
The results further show that food gardens and smallholder farming pieces are not significant to influence severe food insecurity in this type of farming activity
This study is significant to all government structures since it tends to uncover the shortcomings of the policy trajectory and unforeseen factors that may impede the securing of food by the households at a municipality level
Summary
The 1996 World Food Summit defined food security as physical, social, and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food by all people, at all times, to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life (Nara, Lengoiboni & Zevenbergen, 2020). Food security refers to the provision of safe, nutritious and adequate foods using unrestricted availability and access to the populace, and it was suggested as early as 1975 by Meyer-Rochow (Kewuyemi, Kesa, Chinma & Adebo, 2020; Dunga, 2020; David & Grobler, 2020). This phenomenon has attracted more research across the global academic environment (Oduniyi & Tekana, 2020) and has remained a topical issue for discussion (Garekae & Shackleton 2020). The FAO (2018, 2019) reported that initiatives such as the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) and New Partnership for Africa's Development have a central objective to achieve zero hunger, which is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of the United Nations (Shin, 2020)
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