The Effect of the Decorative Surface Layer on the Dynamic Properties of a Symmetric Concrete Slab

Abstract

In the past few years, the immense advances in building materials and construction techniques have inspired the development of large span, light, and flexible structures with low damping. The low frequency and low damping properties of the mentioned structures result in the problem of serviceability caused by human-induced vibrations. An evaluation of the serviceability of a structure requires obtaining the modes and natural frequencies of the structure via the finite element method (FEM). In the design stage, the structural model considers the contribution of involved elements made to the stiffness of the whole structure, such as beams, slabs, and columns, while the decorative surface layer above the floor is often regarded as an additional mass, regardless of its contribution to the stiffness of the floor slab. In this study, the dynamic properties of a symmetric concrete slab were tested with an ambient excitation method to obtain the dynamic properties of the original empty structure and the structure decorated with a tiled surface, a marble surface, and a terrazzo surface, respectively. The results show that the first-order natural frequencies of floor slabs decorated with tile, marble, and terrazzo finishes are decreased compared to the original empty structure, while the second- and third-order ones are increased, which indicates that it is improper to treat decorative finishes purely as an additional mass. By equating the decorative layer to a certain thickness of additional concrete layer in the finite element model, it is found that, if the decorative surface layer is equated to a 29–31 mm thick additional layer and the weight of the equivalent additional layer is the same as that of the actual decorative surface, the simulation results will be in good agreement with the measured results. Moreover, the test results indicate that the first-order shape function of the structure is symmetric and its second- and third-order shape functions are antisymmetric, which is consistent with the results of simulations under FEM method. This provides a basis for designers to evaluate the contribution of the additional layers in structural serviceability analysis.