The effect of the chemical nature of implant materials on regeneration processes in an implant site

Abstract

The literature data on implant materials for recovering from osseous injuries and defects were reviewed. Hydroxyapatite and bioactive glass are the leading artificial implant materials. Chitosan, polylactide, adgelon, and salicylic acid have found application in this area as biocompatible surgical materials that also promote wound healing and regeneration. When using hydroxyapatite as an implant material, its active groups, such as phosphate, hydroxyl, and others provide contacts; cell migration and adhesion on the matrix surface, formation of an intermediate layer of osteoid type, and fusion of bone and implant then occur. In the case of bioactive glass, the silanol groups are involved in bond formation. The study of mechanisms of bond formation between biological tissue and implant material and search for new biocompatible materials are important tasks of medical research in the field of implantation and post-traumatic regeneration.