The Effect of the Availability of Student Credit on Tuition: Testing the Bennett Hypothesis Using Evidence from a Large-Scale Student Loan Program in Brazil

Abstract

We test whether the availability of student loans increases tuition costs, the Bennet Hypothesis. Starting in 2010, there was a major ramp-up in the FIES, a student loan program funded by the Brazilian federal government. FIES’s rules for eligibility produce a marked heterogeneity in the access to funding in different higher education institutions. We take advantage of these rules and of an unique dataset with information on tuition costs at the major-college level, and document two facts. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we show that relaxing access to student loans caused an increase in tuition fees. We also estimate a structural model of demand, and show that relaxing credit constraints reduces the demand price elasticity. Thus the mechanism behind the increase in tuition costs is an increased tuition insensitivity, at least in part.