Abstract
The use of stimulation preparations seems to be a promising means for mitigating the effects of abiotic and biotic stressors. Their significance includes plant organism stimulation and metabolism optimisation, water regime, and nutrition during periods of stress. They help bridge it over and create conditions for rapid regeneration. In a field experiment, the effect of the application of stimulation preparations on cultivars Triticum aestivum L. with different genetic composition was evaluated (donor of blue aleurone colour KM-72-18; donor of a multi-row spike (MRS) KM-94-18). Our results show a predominantly positive effect of the application of stimulants on the yield and thousand-grain weight (TKW). The results obtained were influenced by the year, based on different temperatures and precipitation. Higher yields were achieved in 2020 with higher total precipitation during the grain filling period and with a higher maximum quantum yield of the photosystem II (Fv/Fm). In 2019, this period was significantly dry and warm, which was reflected in a lower yield and TKM, higher proline content in the leaves, and lower Fv/Fm values. In both experimental years, there was a higher yield of the cultivar with blue aleurone (KM-72-18). In the case of cultivars with coloured grains, the promising use of the content substances in cultivars as natural means of increasing resistance to abiotic and biotic stressors seems to be promising.
Highlights
Field crops in general are constantly exposed to a lot of stressors during the growing season
The research was focused on monitoring the effect of the application of commercial stimulation preparations on selected physiological parameters and yield on the winter wheat
The plant material was derived from cultivars in Kromeríž, the Czech Republic: (i) donor of the blue colour aleurone KM-72-18 (A), conditioned by the presence of the Ba2 gene on the long arm of the chromosome 4A [23], which causes a blue anthocyanin colouration of the grain; (ii) multirow spike (MRS) donor KM-94-18 (B), conditioned by the presence of the FRIZZY PANICLE 1 gene [24], capable of producing a larger number of spikelets from the spindle node [25] (Figure 1)
Summary
Field crops in general are constantly exposed to a lot of stressors during the growing season. These are usually divided into two categories—abiotic and biotic—depending on the nature of the trigger [1]. Individual stressors do not act on plants separately, but always in combination, e.g., high temperature, higher intensity of sunlight, and water deficit [2]. Global wheat production is expected to reach a new record of 780 million tonnes in 2021, according to a preliminary forecast issued on March 4 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [3]. According to some predicted reports, agriculture is considered the most endangered activity adversely affected by the climate change [4]
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