Abstract
In the field, Luidia clathrata are exposed to seasonal variations in temperature and salinity ranging from 12–31°C and 13–28‰ S. In the laboratory, righting ability and feeding rates decreased in individuals exposed to low temperature (17°C) for 30 days and showed little or no acclimation. Righting ability, feeding, total wet weight and pyloric caecal weight decreased in individuals exposed to low salinity (16‰). The latter two responses resulted from decreased food intake and an apparent increase in the metabolic cost of cell volume regulation. Although L. clathrata can acclimate partially to this low salinity, their condition deteriorated with chronic exposure. Changes in the levels and interactions of temperature, salinity and food had a greater influence on the responses of L. clathrata than changes in only one factor. Combinations of high or low temperatures and low salinity had a negative effect on righting, feeding and growth. The significant effects of combinations of environmental factors on organismal and physiological responses in the laboratory indicate their importance when interpreting the responses of individuals in the field.
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