Abstract
Hydrogen is an environment-friendly fuel and has a high caloric value. Hydrogen as a molecule is not found in nature, but it is found in compounds with other elements. Besides catalytic steam reforming of natural gas, hydrogen can also be produced from thermochemical processes such as combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. The process of gasification using steam as gasification agent can increase the yield of H2 in the gas products. The objectives of this research are to study the influence of temperature and the addition of CaO on H2 production. This research was conducted in an up-draft reactor for 60 minutes with three different temperatures; i.e. 600, 700, and 800 oC and ratio of CaO:char of 0 and 0.5. Based on this study, the rise of temperature will improve the yield of H2 and CO2 in the gas products. At gasification temperature of 800 oC, the yield of H2 and CO2 is maximum. Moreover, the addition of CaO can improve the char conversion and reduce the concentration of CO2 in the gas products.
Highlights
As fossil fuel reserves depleted, the development of alternative energy becomes very important to prevent energy crises (Liu et al, 2010)
Hydrogen can be made in several methods, including gasification
Reactions in the gasification can be divided into five types: boudouard reaction, water-gas reaction, methanation reaction, shift conversion, and steam reforming
Summary
As fossil fuel reserves depleted, the development of alternative energy becomes very important to prevent energy crises (Liu et al, 2010). Hydrogen is one of the most promising alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has a high heating value and is called clean energy. Gasification is a thermal process for converting solid materials containing carbon into fuel (Basu, 2010). Reactions in the gasification can be divided into five types: boudouard reaction, water-gas reaction, methanation reaction, shift conversion, and steam reforming. The equation of the reaction is as follows (Bell et al, 2011): Boudouard reaction C+CO2 2CO Δ Water gas reaction C+H2O CO+H2 Methanation reaction C + 2H2 CH4 Shift Conversion CO+H2O CO2+H2 Steam reforming CH4+H2O CO+3H2
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