Abstract
Osteopenia is a sign of osteoporosis that usually occurs in adolescent aged 18-24 years. One of the efforts to manage osteopenia is by giving a high calcium diet. Meatballs substituted by tempeh gembus can be used as an alternative to local food-based snacks as source of calcium. To analyze the effect of the substitution of tempeh gembus on the protein content, calcium, digestibility of the protein, and the acceptability of meatballs. The study was conducted in two stages, there are preliminary study and main study, and using randomized single factor experimental, tempeh gembus levels (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) and control (0% tempeh gembus). The analysis of the content of protein was conducted using Kjeldahl method, calcium contents using Uv-Vis spectrophotometer, and protein digestibility using in-vitro method. Data was analyzed with mann-whitney. Organoleptic tests were carried out by hedonic testing of 30 semi-trained panelists. Substitution of tempeh gembus had significant effect on the protein contents and protein digestibility, but not significant effect on the calcium contents. Formulation with 25% tempeh gembus substitution was found to be a best formulation of meatballs containing protein content of 8.03%, calcium contents of 351.19 mg / 100 g, and protein digestibility of 53.22%. Meatball with 25% tempeh gembus with 78 mg per serving is sufficient for nutrition label reference in general category, 13% energy; protein by 11%; calcium by 25%.
Highlights
Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass due to reduced bone matrix and minerals accompanied by microarchitecture damage from bone tissue, with a consequent decrease in bone strength, resulting in a tendency for bones to break .[1]
Osteoporosis is a disease that is classified as a silent disease because it does not show specific symptoms.[2].Osteopenia is a sign of osteoporosis that begins with low bone density, if it lasts for a long time it can lead to decreased bone strength resulting in osteoporosis.[3]
The results of the analysis of protein contents of tempeh gembus meatballs showed the difference between the addition of tempeh gembus in meatballs and protein contents (p = 0.00)
Summary
Osteoporosis is a bone metabolic disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass due to reduced bone matrix and minerals accompanied by microarchitecture damage from bone tissue, with a consequent decrease in bone strength, resulting in a tendency for bones to break .[1]. The average calcium intake is only 559.05 mg/day or 55.9% of the Daily Value (DV).[5]. Calcium intake recommended for women who have not yet menopause is around 1000-1200 mg /day.[6] The main sources of calcium found in foods are milk and other dairy products such as cheese or yogurt, green vegetables such as broccoli, fortified juices with calcium, and soybeans and soy products.[7] Indonesia has a variety of soy products such as soybean milk, tofu, tempeh, soy sauce, tauco, and tempeh gembus which can be an alternative affordable source of calcium.[8]
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