The Effect of Tas1r3 Gene Polymorphism on Preference and Consumption of Sucrose and Low-Calorie Sweeteners in Interstrain Hybrid Mice of the First Filial Generation

Abstract

Inter- and intra-species differences in consumption of sweet tastants formed during the evolution of vertebrates are thought to be due to polymorphism of the Tas1r3 gene encoding T1R3, a sweet taste receptor subunit. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of Tas1r3 polymorphism on nutritional behavior of laboratory mice using the first filial generation (F1) hybrids produced by crossing inbred strains with different sensitivity to sweet: 129P3/J males (129, carriers of a recessive SacD sweet taste receptor allele) and C57BL/6 females (B6, dominant SacB allele) or females of the Tas1r3 gene knockout strain, C57BL/6-Tas1r3KO (B6-Tas1r3KO). SacD/B and SacD/0 hybrids, sharing identical background genotypes, differed only by sets of Sac alleles. In a briefaccess test (BAT) or a 48-h two-bottle free choice test, the presence of the dominant SacD allele in SacD/B hybrids determined increased preference for low sucrose concentrations (1–4%) and higher concentrations of nonmetabolized sweeteners (saccharin Na, sucralose, acesulfame K). A comparison between the 129 parental strain and SacD/0 hybrids or between the B6 parental strain and hybrids from crossing B6 × B6-Tas1r3KO revealed no influence of hemizygosity of SacD or SacB on preference for sweeteners in BAT. A small decrease in sucrose and saccharin preference associated with the lack of the SacB allele was observed during long-term exposure to solutions with low concentrations of these substances. The data obtained indicate the relevance of studying the Tas1r3 polymorphism effects on preference and consumption of sweet tastants using F1 interstrain hybrids and BAT.