The effect of tai chi on balance, fear, and reduction of falls in older adults: A narrative review

Abstract

Falls are considered one of the most serious problems faced by older adults due to their injuries and socio-economic implications. The aim of this review is to investigate the effect of Tai Chi training on geriatric patients in terms of balance and falls based on recent research data. Method: The PubMed, Google Scholar, and PEDro databases were searched with the following keywords: Tai-chi AND falls AND elderly OR older adults. The search was filtered for articles that were clinical studies or cross-over studies published in the last 10 years. Results: Eight studies were used in this review with a total sample of 1,110 older adults with or without a risk of falling. The findings of the studies included converge on the fact that Tai Chi has a positive effect on reducing falls and the fear of an impending fall while also improving balance. In six of the eight studies included the Tai Chi program seemed more effective than a control group, while in two studies it seemed equally effective as other means such as conventional physiotherapy and yoga. Discussion - Conclusions: The results show that Tai Chi training is accessible to older adults and seems to have a positive effect on fall risk and balance. However, the percentage of studies that support it is not sufficient nor do the results of this review prove the superiority of the Tai Chi method over other therapies. More thorough research is needed to confirm its efficacy.