Abstract
A high-fat diet and sedentary lifestyle could accelerate aging and hypothalamic inflammation. In order to explore the regulatory mechanisms of lifestyle in the hypothalamus, swimming exercise and diet control were applied in the high-fat diet ApoE-/- mice in our study. 20-week-old ApoE-/- mice fed with 12-week high-fat diet were treated by high-fat diet, diet control and swimming exercise. The results showed that hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and cognition decline were induced by high-fat diet. Compared with the diet control, hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and learning and memory impairment were effectively alleviated by swimming exercise plus diet control, which was related to the increasing expression of SIRT1, inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and raising secretion of GnRH in the hypothalamus. These findings supported the hypothesis that hypothalamic inflammation was susceptible to exercise and diet, which was strongly associated with SIRT1-NF-κB-GnRH expression in the hypothalamus.
Highlights
The noticeable feature of aging is the degradation of various physiological functions with increasing age and eventually leading to lifespan
Compared with the diet control, hypothalamic inflammation, glial cells activation and learning and memory impairment were effectively alleviated by swimming exercise plus diet control, which was related to the increasing expression of Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1), inhibiting the expression of NF-κB and raising secretion of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus
There was no significant difference in body weight among the high-fat diet (HFD) group, diet control (DC) group, and swimming exercises (EX) group
Summary
The noticeable feature of aging is the degradation of various physiological functions with increasing age and eventually leading to lifespan. Aging is not just determined by a single but a variety of factors, including the neuroendocrine. Secretion, and regulation of the neuroendocrine system contribute to aging. Recent studies have confirmed that the hypothalamus, as a neuroendocrine and autonomous regulatory center, plays a fundamental role in aging development and lifespan control. Hypothalamic inflammation is considered to be the common basis of metabolic syndrome and aging. Diet and exercise are the key factor of aging. The hypothalamic inflammation is manifested by the activation of inflammatory pathways and glial cells, which are related to aging process [3]. The activation of NF-κB and inflammation in hypothalamus increased along with aging. Inhibition of NF-κB activation promoted the release of gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) in the hypothalamus, which played a crucial role in aging. Treatment with GnRH for 5-8 weeks accelerated neurogenesis and mitigated aging [4]
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