Abstract
Twelve surfactants representing pure cationic, anionic and non-ionic detergents, three commercial detergents, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, a soap, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), EDTA, and humic acid were investigated for their effect on the extraction-atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of copper, nickel, iron, cobalt, cadmium, zinc and lead. Cations were extracted into 10 ml of a solution containing diphenylthiocarbazone, 8-quinolinol and acetyl acetone in ethyl propionate. To avoid emulsion formation, the maximum concentration of linear alkylate sulphonate (LAS) was 10 mg l −1 and for solid industrial LAS-type detergent was 50 mg l −1, but washing powder did not interfere at 100 mg l −1. Cationic and non-ionic detergents gave low recoveries for cobalt. Condensed phosphates at a concentration of 20 mg l −1 did not cause significant interference. NTA interfered with nickel extraction and EDTA with all metals. Humic acid, however, gave no interference. A standard addition procedure can be used to correct the results. A comparison is made between the APDC-MIBK and the mixed chelate-ethyl propionate methods for the determination of trace metals in the presence of various surfactants in natural waters; the latter is preferable.
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