The Effect of Surface Modification on Physical Properties and Morphology of Oil Palm and Rice Husk Fibres

Abstract

This study focuses on surface modification of local made fibres for use as reinforcement in the area of polymer matrix composite. Modified oil palm and Rice husk fibres were prepared by using alkaline treatment and the samples were investigated by using Helium pycnometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) and Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The oil palm fruit bunch and rice husk fibres were treated with 6.0 w.t % Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH). In order for the treated fibre to be compared, fibres without alkaline treatment were prepared. All the prepared samples were crushed and a sieving machine was used to prepare 100μm particles sizes. The changes in composition of the both fibres due to leakage of original elements as well as the changes in density have been successfully determined by these techniques. Density for both oil palm (OP) and rice husk (RH) fibres decreased after treated. A series of FT-IR spectra confirmed the reduction of the Hemicelluloses and Lignin content after the treatment. The significant changes between untreated and treated fibres were also discussed, whereby the rough surface of fibres becomes smooth due to elimination of impurities. ED-XRF analysis confirmed the percentage of Silica (Si) content for both fibres and proved the reduction of elements present in the composition.