Abstract
ABSTRACT The study was conducted to generate a mechanistic understanding of treating problematic paraffinic crude oils so that chemical treatments can be designed easily and applied more universally. Two crude oils, sampled from two continents, with very different wax contents and paraffin distributions were used to observe the influence of chemical structure on performance of various flow modifiers. In the industry, there is no known "universal" flow enhancer, however, a great number of wax-treating chemicals are derivatives of maleic anhydride. The study was focused on this widely used chemistry as the results would immediately benefit the industry. The performance of various esters of copolymers of maleic anhydride was compared using laboratory tests designed to simulate field conditions. A correlation between the wax content, the wax composition, the type of copolymer backbone, pendant groups and ester functionalities was found which can be explained through basic principles of solubility and steric hindrance.
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