The Effect of Storage Condition on Biodiesel

Abstract

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel derived from the varied processes of vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste frying oils to give the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters (Chang et al., 1996; Schmidt & Van Gerpen, 1996). In the transport sector it can be used blended with fossil diesel fuel and in pure form. The major chemically bound oxygen component in the biodiesel fuel has the effect of reducing the pollutant concentration in exhaust gases due to better burning of the fuel in the engine (Kahn et al., 2002). It is also described as an alternative fuel which improves environmental conditions and contributes to gaining energy sustainability (Edlund et al., 2002). As biodiesel fuels are becoming commercialized and with its biodegradability, it is important to examine their properties as respect to transport, storage, or processing. Demirbas (Demirbas, 2007) has summarized the biodegradability data of petroleum and biofuels available in the literature and showed heavy fuel oil has low biodegradation of 11%, in 28 day laboratory studies while biodiesels have 77%–89% biodegraded, and diesel fuel was only 18% biodegraded. Some studies have been conducted focusing on how biodiesel stimulated the degradation of petrol–diesel in varied environments. However, there are very few studies concentrated on biodiesel degradation under different storage temperatures and storage environments such as in a sealed or ambient environment, and in an environment with or without the presence of water moisture. Mittelbach and Gangl (Mittelbach & Gangl, 2001) studied the degree of physical and chemical deterioration of biodiesel produced from rapeseed and used frying oil under different storage conditions. They found there has severe effects when the fuel was exposed to daylight and air. But they found there were no significant differences between undistilled biodiesel made from fresh rapeseed oil and used frying oil. In their study, the viscosity and neutralization numbers rose during storage and did not reach the specified limits for over 150 days. Zullaikah et al. (Zullaikah et al., 2005) examine the effect of temperature, moisture and storage time on the accumulation of free fatty acid when they used a two-step acid-catalyzed process to produce the biodiesel from rice bran oil. Their results showed rice bran stored at room temperature showed that most triacylglyceride was hydrolyzed and free fatty acid (FFA) content was raised up to 76% in six months. Leung et al. (Leung et al., 2006) divided twelve biodiesel samples into 3 groups and stored at different temperatures and environments to monitor the regular interval over a period of 52 weeks. Their results showed that the biodiesel under test degraded less than 10% within 52 weeks for those samples stored at 4 and 20 oC while nearly 40% degradation was found for those samples stored at 40 oC.