Abstract
Previous studies that have investigated the effect of stimulus probability on the time to name alphanumeric stimuli have yielded inconsistent results. Experiments purporting to show the independence of naming reaction time from stimulus probability have displayed error rates that were correlated with probability levels. In order to investigate the possible influence of the speed-accuracy trade-off in these results, the effect of stimulus probability on a naming task was studied under different instructional conditions. When accuracy was emphasized, a significant effect of stimulus probability on reaction times was obtained. When speed was emphasized by the use of a response-time deadline procedure, a significant effect of stimulus probability on error rates was observed. It was concluded that stimulus probability does affect the time to name alphanumeric stimuli, that the effect can manifest itself in both reaction times or error rates, and that models predicting naming time to be independent of stimulus probability must be modified, possibly by elaborating the processing operations of the stimulus identification stage.
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