The effect of static magnetic fields on biological systems: Implications for enhanced biodegradation

Abstract

Numerous studies of the effects of magnetic fields on biological and biochemical systems suggest the potential application of static magnetic fields to enhance microbial degradation of environmental pollutants. Potentially favorable changes in intracellular processes have been observed in controlled studies, including changes in enzymatic activities, growth and respiration rates, increased motility and membrane permeability, and morphological and developmental effects. The provocative thought of combining the emerging areas of biomagnetism and biological treatment is also supported by consideration of existing paradigms of chemistry and physics. Indeed, the few studies that have been conducted recently for this specific purpose show that that enhanced contaminant biodegradation by static magnetic fields is a bona fide phenomenon. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects are not fully understood. The purpose of this article is to stimulate fundamental research leading to a better understanding and a more widespread acceptance of magnetically modified biological treatment processes as an additional tool for pollution control. Emphasis is placed on providing a balanced review of pertinent studies, beginning with a perspective on the nature of magnetic fields used in experimental systems. The effect of static magnetic fields on biological systems at the molecular and cellular levels are then addressed, ending with a discussion of theoretical models proposed to explain the observed effects and a perspective on future research.