Abstract
This work investigates the effect of spool displacement control of the piezoelectric stack actuator (PSA) based valve system on the flow motion of the pressure drop and flow rate. As a first step, the governing equations of the structural parts of the displacement amplifier and spool are derived, followed by the governing equation of the fluid part considering control volume and steady flow force. Then, an appropriate size of the valve is designed and manufactured. An experimental apparatus to control the spool displacement is set up in the heat chamber and tracking control for the spool displacement is evaluated at 20 °C and 100 °C by implementing a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback controller. The tracking controls of the spool displacement associated with the sinusoidal and triangular trajectories are realized at 20 °C and 100 °C. It is demonstrated that the tracking controls for the sinusoidal and triangular trajectories have been well carried out showing the tracking error less than 3 μm at both temperatures. In addition, the flow motions for the pressure drop and the flow rate of the proposed valve system are experimentally investigated. It is identified from this investigation that both pressure drop and flow rate evaluated 20 °C have been decreased up to 18% at 100 °C. This result directly indicates that the temperature effect to control performance of the structural part and fluid part in the proposed PSA based valve system is different and hence careful attention is required to achieve the successful development of advanced valve systems subjected to a wide range of the operating temperature.
Highlights
It is identified from this investigation that both the pressure drop and flow rate evaluated at 100 ◦ C are lower than those at 20 ◦ C even though the spool displacement has been well controlled at both temperatures
This work presented the effect of the operating temperature to control performance for the structural part and fluid part of the piezoelectric stack actuator (PSA)-based valve system (PSAVS)
An experimental apparatus for the tracking control of the spool displacement was established in the heat chamber
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. To successfully develop the valve system, both high actuating force and large displacement need to be met to achieve sufficient pressure drop or flow rate in a fast manner. This directly indicates that an appropriate displacement amplifier is required when the stack actuator is applied to the valve or pump system [6,7]. Various types of the piezo stack-based valves have been and are being developed for diverse applications: flow control with constant flow rate, movement of fragile workpieces with the jerk-free motion, adhesive jetting dispenser in the semiconductor packaging process, accurate polishing of semiconductor wafers, medical areas such as cataract surgery, and various inflatable pillows for ride comfort Due to their advantages and wide application, many studies have been conducted on valve and pump systems integrated with piezo actuators. It is identified from this investigation that both the pressure drop and flow rate evaluated at 100 ◦ C are lower than those at 20 ◦ C even though the spool displacement has been well controlled at both temperatures
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