Abstract
Respiratory drug delivery has been attracted great interest for the past decades, because of the high incidence of pulmonary diseases. However, despite its invaluable benefits, there are some major drawbacks in respiratory drug delivery, mainly due to the relatively high drug deposition in undesirable regions. One way to improve the efficiency of respiratory drug delivery through metered-dose inhalers (MDI) is placing a respiratory spacer between the inhaler exit and the mouth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of type and shape of spacer on the aerosolization performance of MDIs. A commercial Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) MDI alone or equipped with two different spacer devices (roller and pear type) widely distributed in the world pharmaceutical market was used. The effect of spacers was evaluated by calculating aerosolization indexes such as fine particle fraction (FPF), mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) using the next generation impactor. Although one of the spacers resulted in superior outcomes than the other one, but it was not statistically significant. The results confirmed that the type and shape of spacer did not substantially influence the aerosolization performance of MDIs.
Highlights
Respiratory drug delivery is currently considered to be the most promising method for directly relieving or treating respiratory diseases such as asthma
The effect of spacers was evaluated by calculating aerosolization indexes such as fine particle fraction (FPF), mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) using the generation impactor
For inhaled corticosteroids such as Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP), it is recommended that metered-dose inhalers (MDI) are used in conjunction with a large volume spacer device for the delivery of any dose especially in children.[9,10,11]
Summary
Respiratory drug delivery is currently considered to be the most promising method for directly relieving or treating respiratory diseases such as asthma. It has been reported that they show low efficacy and only as little as 9 % of the delivered doses are deposited in the lungs.[3,4] It was claimed that to improve the depth of penetration of medication to the lungs, the esophageal impaction and swallowing of the pharmacologic agent should be minimized For this purpose, the special devices were employed to reduce undesirably high initial momentum which decreases the size of primary emitted droplets and unwanted deposition of particles in the oral cavity and upper airways.[1,5] it is becoming more and more routine to use some sort of extension, namely respiratory spacers which sometimes called holding chambers, between inhaler outlet and mouth inlet.[6,7] Various spacers with different shapes and volumes were commercially marketed and employed. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two widely distributed spacer devices pear type and roller type on the in vitro performance of a commercial Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) MDI
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