Abstract
BackgroundSynaptic loss is a major hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Disturbed organisation of large-scale functional brain networks in AD might reflect synaptic loss and disrupted neuronal communication. The medical food Souvenaid, containing the specific nutrient combination Fortasyn Connect, is designed to enhance synapse formation and function and has been shown to improve memory performance in patients with mild AD in two randomised controlled trials.ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Souvenaid compared to control product on brain activity-based networks, as a derivative of underlying synaptic function, in patients with mild AD.DesignA 24-week randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-country study.Participants179 drug-naïve mild AD patients who participated in the Souvenir II study.InterventionPatients were randomised 1∶1 to receive Souvenaid or an iso-caloric control product once daily for 24 weeks.OutcomeIn a secondary analysis of the Souvenir II study, electroencephalography (EEG) brain networks were constructed and graph theory was used to quantify complex brain structure. Local brain network connectivity (normalised clustering coefficient gamma) and global network integration (normalised characteristic path length lambda) were compared between study groups, and related to memory performance.ResultsThe network measures in the beta band were significantly different between groups: they decreased in the control group, but remained relatively unchanged in the active group. No consistent relationship was found between these network measures and memory performance.ConclusionsThe current results suggest that Souvenaid preserves the organisation of brain networks in patients with mild AD within 24 weeks, hypothetically counteracting the progressive network disruption over time in AD. The results strengthen the hypothesis that Souvenaid affects synaptic integrity and function. Secondly, we conclude that advanced EEG analysis, using the mathematical framework of graph theory, is useful and feasible for assessing the effects of interventions.Trial registrationDutch Trial Register NTR1975.
Highlights
Worldwide, 35.6 million people suffer from dementia, of which Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form [1]
The network measures in the beta band were significantly different between groups: they decreased in the control group, but remained relatively unchanged in the active group
The current results suggest that Souvenaid preserves the organisation of brain networks in patients with mild AD within 24 weeks, hypothetically counteracting the progressive network disruption over time in AD
Summary
To explore the effect of Souvenaid compared to control product on brain activity-based networks, as a derivative of underlying synaptic function, in patients with mild AD. Design: A 24-week randomised, controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-country study. Participants: 179 drug-naıve mild AD patients who participated in the Souvenir II study. Intervention: Patients were randomised 1:1 to receive Souvenaid or an iso-caloric control product once daily for 24 weeks. Outcome: In a secondary analysis of the Souvenir II study, electroencephalography (EEG) brain networks were constructed and graph theory was used to quantify complex brain structure. Local brain network connectivity (normalised clustering coefficient gamma) and global network integration (normalised characteristic path length lambda) were compared between study groups, and related to memory performance
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