The effect of soil and climatic conditions on the distribution of nutrients in Actinidia arguta leaves

B O Ivanytska,D Liu,D O Klymchuk,N S Novychenko,N V Skrypchenko,N V Zaimenko

doi:10.15421/012015

Abstract

The patterns of the distribution of nutrients in kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.), family Actinidiaceae (Gilg & Werderm), leaves growing under different soil and climatic conditions (Ukraine and China) were studied. Using scanning electron microscopy, significant differences were shown in the distribution of assimilates and mineral nutrients in the leaves of kiwiberry cultivated under different climate and soil conditions (Kyiv city, Ukraine and Jiamusi, China). The leaves of plants grown in China have higher concentration of all of the studied nutrients exception for silicon. The differences found in the content of macro- and microelements in plant tissues are consistent with their total content in the soil, and depend on the synthesis of low molecular weight organic compounds, namely, hydroxybenzoic, benzoic and triterpene acids. An increase in the silicon content in the leaves of kiwiberry plants grown in Ukraine indicates the moisture deficit in the soil. This conclusion is confirmed by the anatomical differences viz. the presence of additional integumentary formations and fewer stomata number per 1 mm2 of leaf surface. The specific feature of ‘Perlyna sadu’ cultivar was high concentrations of sodium and aluminum in the foliar tissues, regardless of the place of growth. The analysis of the distribution of nutrients in the leaves located along the stem showed remobilization of the former within the three layers: the lower one nourishes the roots, the upper one nourishes the leaves in the active growth phase and the middle one allocates the assimilates in both directions. A significant positive relationship was found between the biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and electrophysiological activity, especially for the leaves of the lower zone. The revealed differentiation into layers differing in polarity of bioelectric potentials and the distribution of assimilates suggests functional differentiation of the kiwiberry leaves. In particular, the leaves of the lower layer perform a storage function. The middle part is less conservative and characterized by higher sensitivity to environmental factors performs a mainly synthetic function. The upper layer performs an active growth function. The results of the comparative analysis of the indicators of the number of chloroplasts in the mesophyll cells proved that the obtained dependence can be used as a diagnostic criterion in assessing the predicted plant productivity at the early stages of their development.

Highlights

Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) is becoming increasingly popular among consumers and manufacturers in many countries around the world
Since the concentration of macro- and micronutrients in plant tis- sence of zones where there is a change in the polarity of bioelectric sues is the most reliable indicator of the chemical state of plants, which potentials and the distribution of assimilates, we can suppose there are provides for the control of a large number of other factors, we studied different functional roles of individual parts of plants
As a result of a comparative assessment of the content of nutrients in the leaves of kiwiberry plants grown under various soil and climatic conditions, namely in Ukraine and China, the presence of a high concentration of chlorine in the tissues was shown

Summary

Introduction

Kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq.) is becoming increasingly popular among consumers and manufacturers in many countries around the world. The study of the ecology of nutrients is becoming increasingly important, since it is known that in different soils mineral compounds are almost never found in such quantities and in such balanced proportions that would be optimal for growth and development of plants (Zaimenko, 2008; Jankowski et al, 2018a, 2018b; Loza et al, 2018; Lykholat et al, 2018) The latter always compensate for the negative effects of the environmental stress factors by triggering adaptive changes in the plant nutrition and other physiological processes (Zaimenko, 2019). Jamaji & Ma (2014) identified four leaves of A. arguta plants, developed in the soil and climatic conditions different strategies in the remobilization of mineral nutrients: xylem- of Kyiv and Jiamusi, were shown with the use of scanning electron switch, phloem-tropic, phloem-kickback and minimum-shift, based on microscopy. The results of our studies showed a higher concentration of low molecular weight organic compounds in the soil samples from China, especially terpenoids, the content of which was 10 times higher in comparison with samples of grey forest soil from Ukraine (Fig. 3)

C O Na Mg Al Si P S Cl K Ca Fe

Findings

Discussion

Conclusions