Abstract
Drag reduction is observed as reduced frictional pressure losses under turbulent flow conditions and hence, substantially increases the flowrate of the fluid. Practical application includes water flooding system, pipeline transport and drainage system. Drag reduction agent, such as polymers, can be introduced to increase the flowrate of water flowing, reducing the water accumulation in the system and subsequently lesser possibility of heavy flooding. Currently used polymer as drag reduction agents is carboxymethylcellulose, to name one. This is a synthetic polymer which will seep into the ground and further harm our environment in excessive use of accumulation. A more environmentally-friendly drag reduction agent, such as the polymer derived from natural sources or biopolymer, is then required for such purpose. As opposed to the synthetic polymers, the potential of biopolymers as drag reduction agents, especially those derived from a local plant source, are not extensively explored. The drag reduction of a polymer produced from a local plant source within the turbulent regime will be explored and assessed in this study using a rheometer where a reduced a torque produced can be perceived as a reduction of drag. The cellulose powder was converted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by etherification process using sodium monochloroacetate and sodium hydroxide. The carboxymethylation reaction then was optimized against concentration of NaOH. The research is structured to focus on producing the biopolymer and also assess the drag reduction ability of the biopolymer produced against concentration of sodium hydroxide.
Highlights
MATEC Web of Conferences drag reduction is detected is bounded by the drag reduction envelope, which are the Prandtl-Karman law for Newtonian turbulent flow and the maximum drag reduction asymptote by Virk (1975)
Toms (1949) was the first to report that drag reduction phenomenon and observed that the addition of few parts per million of long-chain polymers in a turbulent flow produces a dramatic reduction of the friction drag
Synthetic polymers are derived from petroleum oil, while natural polymers can be extracted from resources in nature
Summary
1.1 Drag ReductionDrag reduction is a phenomenon where turbulent friction of a fluid can be greatly reduced (over 70%) with the addition of small amount of additives (e.g. a few parts per million) (Darbouret et al, 2009). The main purpose of using drag reduction is to reduce energy consumption by using active agent known as DRA without changing the mechanical parts of the process such as size of pumps, pipes and fittings (Bari et al, 2010). Toms (1949) was the first to report that drag reduction phenomenon and observed that the addition of few parts per million of long-chain polymers in a turbulent flow produces a dramatic reduction of the friction drag. This phenomenon has been the subject of extensive reviews by Mowla and Naderi (2006), Ling and Hassan (2006), Li et al (2007), Wan et al (2008), Safri and Bouhadef (2008), Riccoa and Quadrio (2008), Bari and Yunus (2009) and many others. Natural polymers are biodegradable and obtained because they are produced in the form of carboxymethylcellulose or polysaccharides by microorganisms and plants
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
