Abstract
High concentrations of free radicals are present in the blood of obese patients. Free radicals are associated with endothelial dysfunction, diabetes, and neoplastic transformation, all conditions that are closely related to obesity. The purpose of our study was to determine whether bariatric surgery modifies the production of free radicals in obese patients. In total, 20 patients with morbid obesity, who were candidates for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and 18 controls were enrolled in the study. Oxidative stress was studied in obese subjects before and after sleeve gastrectomy. The evaluation of oxidative stress was carried out on blood samples using electron paramagnetic resonance, a refined spectroscopic technique used to identify and quantify the major free radicals, such as •OH, O2•, ONOO-, and NO. Oxidative stress was higher in subjects with morbid obesity prior to surgery, compared to the controls (CP• 9.9 ± 0.3 µM vs. 5.8 ± 0.2 µM). After SG, values decreased to levels comparable to those of controls (CP• 5.4 ± 0.2 µM). Further analysis identified O2• as the main free radical responsible for the oxidative stress. Obesity is associated with an increased blood concentration of free radicals. The normalization of free radicals after sleeve gastrectomy highlights another important benefit of this bariatric surgery technique.
Highlights
IntroductionWith obesity comes obesity-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes [1]
The prevalence of obesity continues to rise in Western countries
Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer, due to the chemical modification induced by an excess of free radicals that interfere with the cellular signaling responsible for cellular proliferation [13,14,15,16]
Summary
With obesity comes obesity-related conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes [1]. Multiple cancers are associated with obesity [2,3], including thyroid [4], kidney [5], breast [6], pancreatic [7], prostate [8], and endometrial cancers [9]. Though the associations between obesity and these diseases have been well studied, less is known about the pathological pathways that connect them. One possible factor may lie in the presence of increased markers of oxidative stress, associated with lower antioxidant enzymes, in obese patients [10]. Reactive oxidizing species (ROS) are associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis, all factors related to cardiovascular diseases [11,12]. Oxidative stress plays a significant role in cancer, due to the chemical modification induced by an excess of free radicals that interfere with the cellular signaling responsible for cellular proliferation [13,14,15,16]
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