The effect of shallow depth tunnelling on aboveground constructions

Abstract

The investigation of the effect of resultant stress and stress distributions on the tunnel itself and the aboveground constructions due to underground mining activities (tunnelling, gallery excavation, etc.) in shallow depths (less than 50 m) and weak rock zones near residential areas is a significant and essential procedure. The poses of risk in aboveground constructions due to the tunnel construction in shallow depths and weak rock zones are emphasized in this study. The data calculated by empirical methods (subsidence, number of stability, angular distortion, etc.) are compared to the results of measurements and observations to be evaluated. Besides, the results of calculations and laboratory studies are evaluated on a numerical model by creating what-if scenarios and solutions. The necessity of careful observation of aboveground constructions, inspection of the projects simultaneously with empirical, analytical and numerical methods is revealed as the result of the study.