The Effect of Sensorimotor Training on the Plantar Pressure Distribution Symmetry in Healthy Elderly: A Field Trial Study

Abstract

Purpose: Sensorimotor impairment in the elderly leads to increased postural sway and plantar pressure distribution asymmetric. The plantar pressure distribution asymmetrical can cause secondary problems, such as forefoot pain, neuropathic plantar ulcers, and metatarsal stress fractures. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of sensorimotor training on the plantar pressure distribution symmetry in healthy elderly women. Methods: Forty healthy elderly women participated in this study and were randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (20 people in each group). Pressure distribution was evaluated during standing with double-legs and eyes closed. The experimental group performed sensorimotor training for eight weeks, and the control group did not receive any intervention during this period. The statistical method of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to compare the results between the two groups. Results: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) test showed that after eight weeks of sensorimotor training, the plantar pressure distribution in the forward and backward of the right (P=0.000) and left (P=0.000) foot was balanced with a high effect size. In addition, the plantar pressure distribution symmetry of the inter-limb was balanced after eight weeks of sensorimotor training with a high effect size (P=0.015). Conclusion: Sensorimotor training by adjusting balance strategies and increasing the impulse sent from mechanical receptors cause sensorimotor integration and facilitates muscle activity. As a result, posture sway is reduced and plantar pressure distribution symmetrical.