Abstract
The aim of the present study was to verify the assumption that supplementation of the diet for turkeys with selenium, especially in an organic source of Se, improves the antioxidative status of the organism and the stability of the meat. Seven hundred and twenty 1-d-old BUT9 female turkeys were randomly assigned into three experimental groups (8 pens with 30 turkeys in each) and fed a diet without Se supplementation (Se-0) or a diet containing 0.3 mg/kg Se in the form of sodium selenite (SeS) or Se-enriched yeast (SeY). The trial was conducted for 112 days. The growth performance of turkeys was not affected by the dietary Se source. Dietary supplementation with 0.3 mg/kg SeS caused no significant changes in blood glutathione peroxidase (GPx) or superoxide dismutase activity. GPx activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed a diet containing 0.3 mg/kg of organic selenium, compared with groups Se-0 and SeS, both in week 8 and 16. Dietary supplementation with Se-enriched yeast instead of sodium selenite significantly (P<0.05) increased the crude fat content of breast muscles and breast muscle selenium concentration (0.468 vs 0.224 mg/kg). However, the selenium concentration in meat from group SY turkey hens was twofold higher than in group SeS, and threefold higher than in the control treatment. Dietary supplementation with 0.3 mg/kg of inorganic or organic selenium resulted in a significant (P<0.05) decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance in raw and stored meat. A tendency towards lower drip loss (11.1-12.7%) and cooking loss (5.5%) was observed in meat from turkeys fed a diet with the addition of Se-enriched yeast, compared with turkeys given sodium selenite. In conclusion, both 4
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral and is known to have important roles in a number of biochemical functions in humans and animals, such as antioxidant defense, immune function, reproduction, and thyroid hormone metabolism (Surai, 2002)
Recent analyses of selenium concentrations in different organs and in plasma as well as of glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and in plasma indicate that a selenium requirement of 0.30 mg Se/kg diet is necessary in fast-growing turkeys (Fischer et al, 2008)
The feed intake of turkeys fed diets containing 0.3 mg/kg Se-enriched yeast (SeY) was lower in all investigated growing periods than in groups Se from Na2SeO3 (SeS) and supplemented with 0 (Se-0), but the observed differences were not statistically significant
Summary
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace mineral and is known to have important roles in a number of biochemical functions in humans and animals, such as antioxidant defense, immune function, reproduction, and thyroid hormone metabolism (Surai, 2002). Selenium regulates a major component of the antioxidant defense mechanism in all living tissues by controlling the body’s glutathione (GSH) pool and its major Se-containing antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (Tapiero et al, 2003). Glutathione and GPx have the capacity to protect the integrity of unsaturated bonds of membrane phospholipids by extinguishing free radical attacks capable of initiating and propagating lipid oxidation (Korniluk et al, 2004; Rayman, 2004). Recent analyses of selenium concentrations in different organs and in plasma as well as of glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and in plasma indicate that a selenium requirement of 0.30 mg Se/kg diet is necessary in fast-growing turkeys (Fischer et al, 2008)
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