Abstract
Three trends related to secrecy and international educational exchange of scientific knowledge are identified. These trends are (1) an increased dependence in the United States on foreign scientists for research and development; (2) a trend toward increased restriction of scientific information as secret or confidential; and (3) a shift away from university-based science toward research and development in governmental or private sector settings. The combined effect of these three trends on international educational exchange of scientific knowledge are discussed.
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