Abstract
Persistent pressure change is a common phenomenon within scuba diving with various medical and dental sign side effects. This study evaluates the effect of simulated pressure change due to scuba diving on the microleakage of class II composite restoration. In our methodology, a total number of 150 intact bicuspids are divided into two main groups (A and B), and prepared for a class II composite restoration. The samples of each main group are divided into five subgroups to be prepared with different liners. Then samples are restored with the same resin composite material. The teeth in group A are thermocycled under the normal atmospheric pressure, while group B are thermocycled under simulated scuba diving conditions. The gingival microleakage is assessed based on dye penetration. The group B teeth show a significantly higher microleakage score than their equivalents in group A (p < 0.05). The subgroups without a liner have a higher microleakage score than the other subgroups (p < 0.05). The flowable composite shows the leased leakage scores followed by Nano ionomer, Resin Modified Glass Iononomer, GIOMER, and linerless groups (p < 0.05). Scuba diving could increase the risk of microleakage development beneath class II, a composite restoration.
Highlights
Scuba diving is a kind of diving in which scuba is used to make a diver independent from surface oxygen to breathe [1]
Dental barotrauma is a term referred to the side effects of pressure changes on teeth, including failure of dental restorations, tooth fracture, or tooth pain [2,3]
We aimed to evaluate the effect of persistent pressure change and different lining materials on the microleakage of a common class II composite restoration
Summary
Scuba diving is a kind of diving in which scuba is used to make a diver independent from surface oxygen to breathe [1]. The more depth a diver descends, the more pressure he or she suffers. Dental barotrauma is a term referred to the side effects of pressure changes on teeth, including failure of dental restorations, tooth fracture (barodontocrexis), or tooth pain (barodontalgia) [2,3]. It was reported that the dental side effects of scuba diving occur at diving depths of 10–25 m, a common depth for scuba diving [4]. Goethe et al [5], in a 10-year prospective study on the military divers who tolerated constant barometric changes, reported a 4-fold increase in the amount of extracted teeth and a ten-fold increase of teeth that need a prosthetic crown. Calder and Ramsey [6]
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