Abstract
Surface and underground explosions make extensive destruction and damage to structures. These explosions can generate heavy shocks to ground. There are several approaches to reduce these effects. One way to reduce these damages is by sand layer, which is the most economically viable method. As the sand layer reduces high- frequency stress waves effectively, it decreases damage to structure. In this paper, the behavior of tunnels (underground structures) with different thickness of sand layer and moisture content under surface explosion are investigated by finite element method (FEM). Numerical results indicate that with increasing of sand layer thickness and moisture, the effect of surface explosions on the underground structures is decreased.
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