Abstract
ObjectivesEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes adipose tissue dysfunction and chronic inflammation in obesity. Royal jelly (RJ) and tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) are reported to ameliorate inflammation. However, the improving effects of RJ and TRF on inflammation from ER stress modulating view have not been assessed so far. Hence, we investigated the effect of RJ and TRF on ER stress and some adipose tissue-derived inflammatory markers in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Wistar obese rats randomly allocated into 5 groups: HFD, calorie restriction diet (CRD), RJ + CRD, TRF + CRD, RJ + TRF + CRD. After 8-week intervention, adipose tissues and hypothalamus were dissected and serum was collected.ResultsRJ reduced glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) expression as ER stress indicator in WAT and hypothalamus compared to CRD. Besides, RJ diminished the expression of inflammatory markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) and also decreased the serum concentration of them. TRF reduced inflammatory markers in the serum without remarkable effects on ER stress. Overall, RJ has protective effect against adipose tissue dysfunction and inflammation then suggested as a therapeutic approach to reduce some obesity-related complications. The impact of TRF in this regard is lower than RJ and limited to systemic inflammation improvement without remarkable changes in adipose tissue inflammation.
Highlights
Obesity is one of the major causes of chronic disease worldwide and its association with inflammation is well established [1]
Royal jelly (RJ) reduced glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78) expression as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress indicator in White adipose tissue (WAT) and hypothalamus compared to calorie restriction diet (CRD)
When CRDfed rats treated with RJ and RJ + tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) significantly more weight loss occurred compared to CRD alone
Summary
Obesity is one of the major causes of chronic disease worldwide and its association with inflammation is well established [1]. White adipose tissue (WAT) regulates body metabolism by releasing several hormone and Several obesity-induced disorders are etiologically attributed to chronic inflammation in relation to obesity [6, 7]. Irandoost et al BMC Res Notes (2020) 13:409 inflammatory state called endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that is a condition occurs with nutritional excess in obesity and metabolic dysfunction [8, 9]. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the interaction between ER stress and the pathology of obesity [11–13]. ER stress in adipose tissue reduces thermogenesis and plays an important role in adipose tissue dysfunction, changing cytokine secretion, and causing chronic inflammation in adipocytes [3, 14]. Improving hypothalamic ER stress triggers WAT browning, which in turn diminish inflammatory factors secretion from adipocytes, and ameliorate obesity-related disorders [11]
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