The effect of root rot on the yield of durum wheat grain in the conditions of the Orenburg region

Abstract

The identification of factors that affect the decrease in the yield of hard wheat is the basis for studying plant diseases in the agrometeorological conditions of the Orenburg region. In this regard, field and laboratory studies are being conducted on common root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana) of durum wheat. In the research work, the method of field experience was applied, the weather factors, the infestation of crops with root rot and the yield of durum wheat grain in crop rotations and during permanent cultivation in the southern black lands of the Urals were taken into account. The research was carried out for the first time from 2015 to 2020 on a long-term stationary experimental plot on crop rotations and permanent crops, laid down in 1988 on the territory of the OPH n.a. Kuibyshev. On average, during the growing season of the crop (durum wheat), 107 mm of precipitation falls at an average monthly air temperature of 20.3 oC and the number of dry days is 68. The results of the study show that the lowest prevalence and development of root rot reaches 28.6 and 10.2 % in the third variant of the experiment on a non-windy background of nutrition, the dependence on the influence of air temperature is 94.4 and 70.0 %. The highest yield of durum wheat grain was obtained in the fallow field with siderates in the average arid year of 2017 and amounts to 2.14 and 2.11 t / ha after the application of mineral fertilizers and without them. In the fourth version of the experiment, there is a decrease in the yield of durum wheat grain, which depends on the development of root rot at the maximum proportions of the influence of 80.0 and 89.7 %. Various agro-meteorological conditions, precursors and food backgrounds are the main cause of changes in the degree of spread and development of durum wheat root rot.