Abstract
In this paper, the effects or restraining force on springback are analyzed by following the stress-strain development across the sheet thickness for flanged channels, stretch-bent under planestrain conditions. An isotropic-kinematic hardening rule is assumed for the material, so that the elastic-plastic unloading behavior involved in forming procedures with complicated loading paths can be more accurately simulated. Good agreement is found between analytical and experimental results on simple springback, side-wall curls and their respective dependence on the in-plane restraining force. Furthermore, the significance of individual parameters on general springback phenomena is clearly identified.
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