Abstract
Background (1): Removable orthodontic appliances may favor plaque accumulation and oral microbe colonization. This might be associated with intraoral adverse effects on enamel or periodontal tissues. The proposed systematic review was carried out to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the microbiological changes occurring during orthodontic therapy with removable orthodontic appliances. Methods (2): PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid Medline, and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source were searched. The research included every article published up to January 2020. The Preferred Reporting Items for Reporting Systematic reviews and Meta Analyses (PRISMA) protocol and the “Swedish Council on Technology Assessment in Health Care Criteria for Grading Assessed Studies” (SBU) method were adopted to conduct this systematic review. Results (3): The current study has a moderate evidence, demonstrating that removable appliances do influence the oral microbiota. Significant alterations occur just 15 days after the beginning of therapy, independently from the type of appliance. Furthermore, the levels of oral pathogens decrease significantly or even returned to pre-treatment levels several months later the therapy end. Conclusions (4): This review suggests that orthodontic treatment with removable appliances induces changes to oral microflora, but these alterations might not be permanent.
Highlights
The human’s oral microflora consists of a mixture of organisms, which are common to other anatomical districts
The placement of removable orthodontic appliances creates a favorable environment for the accumulation of microbiota components and food residues, which, in time, may cause caries or exacerbate any pre-existing periodontal disease [11,12,13,14]
The purpose of this review is to investigate the available evidence regarding the association between removable orthodontic appliances and both qualitative and quantitative changes of oral microbiota
Summary
The human’s oral microflora consists of a mixture of organisms, which are common to other anatomical districts. The placement of removable orthodontic appliances creates a favorable environment for the accumulation of microbiota components and food residues, which, in time, may cause caries or exacerbate any pre-existing periodontal disease [11,12,13,14] The appliances, both fixed and removable ones [15,16], may interfere with oral hygiene practice and cover considerable parts of the tooth surfaces, so an increase of the total microbial population as well as an altered microflora have been reported in relation to orthodontic treatment [17]
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