Abstract
This study aims to determine the ability of red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) or Moringa leaf extracts to reduce the endometritis level in Aceh cattle. In this study, six Aceh cows aged 3-5 years, weighing 150-250 kg from the Experimental Animal Technical Implementation Unit of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Syiah Kuala University were used. The cows were divided into two treatment groups, namely cows with endometritis that were given red betel leaf extract (T1) and cows with endometritis that were given Moringa leaf extract (T2). Examination of the endometritis levels was carried out before and after treatment using the White Side Test (WST) method. The collection of estrus cervical mucus was needed for the WST examination, and heat induction was performed with prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) at a dose of 25 μg. Collection of cervical mucus was performed 8-12 hours after the initiation of heat. All cows with endometritis were given intrauterine extracts of red betel leaves or Moringa leaves at a concentration of 20% every 24 hours for a week at a solution volume of 20 ml. The data were then analyzed using a paired t test. The mean endometritis levels before and after treatment on K1 vs. K2 were 3.0 and 1.7 vs. 2.7 and 2.7, respectively (P<0.05). It was concluded that red betel leaf extract at a concentration of 20% was more effective in reducing the endometritis level of Aceh cows than Moringa leaf extract.
Highlights
Endometritis is defined as mild inflammation of the endometrium that usually occurs without generalized or systemic disorder after childbirth, coitus, or artificial insemination in cattle (Hussain and Daniel, 1991; Maurya et al, 1992)
The severity of endometritis depends on the malignancy of the infecting bacteria, the number of bacteria, and the resistance of the host body
Microorganisms that often enter through the cervix and vagina include Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Trichomonas, Vibrio foetus and coli
Summary
Endometritis is defined as mild inflammation of the endometrium that usually occurs without generalized or systemic disorder after childbirth, coitus, or artificial insemination in cattle (Hussain and Daniel, 1991; Maurya et al, 1992). Sari et al (2016) reported that the bacteria that cause endometritis are Streptococcus sp., Staphilococcus sp., Klebsiela sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., and Alkagenes fecalis. Giving 1% lugol can treat reproductive disorders in bovine uterine infections (Ahmed and Elsheikh, 2013). Melia et al (2020) reported that an administration of 2% lugol cannot treat endometritis in Aceh cattle. Red betel leaf extract can play a role as gram-positive and gram-negative antibacterial (Syahida et al, 2013). Red betel leaves are known to contain essential oils, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids which function as antibacterial compounds (Putra et al, 2017). Andjani et al (2016) reported that quercetin functions as an anti-inflammatory agent that can inhibit Nuclear factor kappa B (NfkB), a marker of an inflammatory reaction in endometritis
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