The effect of rapeseed oil-based polyols on the thermal and mechanical properties of ureaurethane elastomers

Kamila Mizera,Joanna Ryszkowska,Maria Kurańska,Aleksander Prociak

doi:10.1007/s00289-019-02774-3

Kamila Mizera, Joanna Ryszkowska + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-019-02774-3

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Abstract

Two types of rapeseed oil-based polyols in the content of 20 wt% and 50 wt% were used for synthesis of ureaurethane elastomers (EPUU) with isocyanate index 1.07. The bio-polyols were synthesized by epoxidation and opening of oxirane rings using isopropanol (RO) and diethylene glycol (MK). The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of bio-polyols on the thermal and mechanical properties of the manufactured EPUUs, produced with poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA). Differences in the structure of used bio-polyols caused changes in the number of hydrogen bonds and degree of phase separation in EPUUs. As the content of bio-polyols increases, the number of hydrogen bonds connecting the rigid segments of these materials is reduced. The consequence of these changes is variation in the thermal characteristics of these materials. Cross-linking density calculated from dynamical mechanical thermal analysis increases for materials with 20% of both types of rapeseed oil-based polyols and is the highest for material 80PEA/20MK. An introduction of the MK polyol also resulted in an increase in the elongation at break of the modified elastomers.

Highlights

In recent years, the introduction of plant components to polyurethane (PUR) systems meets all the ideas of sustainable development and is an important challenge for chemical companies [1]
Change in chemical structure of used rapeseed polyols and EPUUs was tested by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
The paper presents the results of research on the impact of different structure and functionality of used rapeseed-based polyols on the thermal and mechanical properties of tested EPUUs

Summary

Introduction

The introduction of plant components to polyurethane (PUR) systems meets all the ideas of sustainable development and is an important challenge for chemical companies [1]. The production of PURs is based on the two most important components: polyols and isocyanates. The increasing interest of industry of polyols from vegetable oils is observed for a few years [3]. In the PUR production, the natural oil polyols can be used to replace petrochemical components [4]. There are many publications about obtaining PURs from different vegetable oil-based polyols such as soybean oil [7,8,9], rapeseed oil [10], sunflower oil [11], linseed oil [12] or castor oil [13]. Most of the PUR materials modified with vegetable oil polyols are foams [14], coatings [15], films [16] and adhesives [17]. To obtain PURs using renewable raw materials, there are some aspects that have to be considered as hydroxyl value, functionality and chemical structure of dangling chains [16]

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