Abstract
Large cardamom is one of the largest value potential perennial cash crop of Bhutan just second to the cordyceps. It usually grows up to the height of 2.5 meter especially between 700-1800m asl. It requires good amount of shade and grows well especially in the southern region of Bhutan. Although there are many factors that would account for the production of cardamom such as orientation of the site, density of shade, elevation of the site, climate and temperature etc. Water also plays a vital role in the overall quality and the yield of the cardamom, but if there is excess of water it deteriorates its yield and overall production. Having excess water in the soil mass tends to rot the roots and the lower steam of the plant and eventually making it vulnerable to fungus pest and diseases, thus lowering the yield. Therefore, an optimum amount of water is required for maximum production of cardamom. The yield is proportional to the water content up to certain limit, then the yield decreases with the increase of water content. This investigation also shows the gradient of the cultivated land contributes in the production of Cardamom.
Highlights
The type of cardamom species found in the Himalayan region is called as large cardamom, greater cardamom, brown cardamom or Nepal cardamom
The change in soil moisture content is 34% for the labelled site that of the gentle slope site is 0 in 2016 where wind velocity was taken as 48 km/day and that of 2015 is 9% and 0 where the wind velocity was assumed as 44 km/day respectively
In 2014 Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) is found to be more than daily rainfall because of the assumed data
Summary
The type of cardamom species found in the Himalayan region is called as large cardamom, greater cardamom, brown cardamom or Nepal cardamom This particular type of cardamom comes from the species Amomum subultum and is native to the eastern Himalayas and are mostly grown in Nepal, Sikkim and India (Chains, 2017). The Lepchas were considered as first to harvest large cardamom capsules They harvested from the natural forests mostly and used in medicinal purposes and as an aromatic edible with fruit.(Ajmera et al, 2018) Large cardamom (Amomum subultum) was first introduced to Bhutan in the early seventies and has since become an economically valuable perennial cash crop in southern region, with total acreage reaching 6968 ha in 1994(Department of Agriculture, 2010). Bhutan’s large Cardamom industry emerge big mostly because of the lucrative pricing, which encouraged the farmers to grow cardamom in large scale irrespective of shade and overall
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