The Effect of Pyrrolidinium Bromide Salt in The Life of The Southern Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus Maculatus (Fab) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Abstract

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy test of a chemical compound (pyrrolidinium bis - bromide salt) laboratory-prepared in the life of the southern cowpea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus, which is one of the most important pulses stored pest. The compound N1 was prepared and the structure was proved using1H NMR, IR technique. For treating the seeds out, three concentrations from N1, 500, 1500, 3000 ppm, were prepared. The results showed that the compound outperformed the percentage of repellent (prevention of laying eggs), with the concentration of 500 ppm registered the lowest number of eggs laid, with 96.67 eggs and an repellent rate of 53.97 %, compared to 210.00 eggs. While the results showed a significant effect when the concentration increased. This caused a 66.32 % drop in first-generation personnel from the highest rate of 95.00. The higher concentration also showed the lowest productivity compared with the rest of the concentrations, at 21.05 % compared to controlling sample 45.45%, and had no significant effect on increasing the duration of the pupal stage by 7.83 days compared to 7.50 days. Compared to 7.50 days of control, it affected the increase in the 7.50-day period of the larvae stage compared to the control of 5.50 days. The 1500 ppm concentration did not affect the vitality of the seeds after being treated as they were not significantly different from control. The results also showed that not all of the compound's concentrations had a repellent effect against the southern cowpea beetle.